Step 1: Atomization
The liquid feed is introduced into the atomizer or nozzle, where it is transformed into fine droplets. The size and distribution of the droplets can be adjusted based on the specific requirements of the drying process.

Step 2: Droplet Drying
The atomized droplets are introduced into the drying chamber, where they encounter the heated airstream. As the droplets travel through the drying chamber, the hot air rapidly evaporates the liquid component, leaving behind dry particles. The droplets shrink in size until they become solid particles.

Step 3: Powder Collection
Once the droplets have been completely dried, the resulting dry powder is separated from the drying air. This is typically achieved using a cyclone separator or a bag filter. The dry particles are collected at the bottom of the separator or filter, while the air and any remaining moisture are discharged.

5. Conclusion
Spray drying is a highly efficient method for transforming liquid substances into dry powders. By atomizing the liquid feed into fine droplets and exposing them to hot air, spray dryers can quickly and effectively remove moisture while preserving the properties of the original substance. Understanding the working principle of a spray dryer is essential for optimizing drying processes and achieving high-quality dry powders in various industries.