The working principle of a flash dryer involves three essential stages: drying, separation, and collection.

Step 1 : Drying Stage
The wet material is introduced into the flash dryer through a feed mechanism, such as a rotary valve or screw feeder. Simultaneously, high-velocity hot air, heated by a heat source like a gas burner or electric heater, enters the drying chamber. The hot air creates a turbulent environment, rapidly evaporating the moisture from the wet material.

Step 2 : Separation Stage
As the moisture evaporates, it forms a mixture with the hot air, resulting in a humid gas stream. The mixture enters a separation device, typically a cyclone separator or bag filter, where the moisture-laden air is separated from the dried material. The separated air is discharged through an exhaust system, while the dried material continues to the collection stage.

Step 3 :Collection Stage
In the collection stage, the dried material is collected in a hopper or other suitable container. Depending on the specific application, additional equipment such as a rotary valve or pneumatic conveyor may be employed to transfer the dried material for further processing or storage.